![]() ![]() From the attic, she could see a chestnut tree, which inspired her to reflect on nature in her diary. The front office and attic had windows that Anne peered from during the evenings. There was also a bathroom, a small attic and a front office. Peter had his own small room, and Hermann and Auguste van Pels slept in the communal living room and kitchen area. ![]() According to Anne Frank Guide, Anne shared a room with Fritz Pfeffer Otto, Edith and Margot shared another. In her diary, Anne described the Secret Annex, saying it had several small rooms and narrow halls. Voskuijl has been told that the seven of us are in hiding, and he's been most helpful.)" It swings out on its hinges and opens like a door. Kugler thought it would be better to have a bookcase built in front of the entrance to our hiding place. Anne wrote, "Now our Secret Annex has truly become secret. The manager of the company warehouse, Johann Voskuijl, built a moveable bookcase that concealed the entrance to the Secret Annex. These individuals helped manage the business, which continued running in the front of the building, and brought food, other necessities and news of the outside world to the Jews in hiding. Kleiman and Kugler, as well as other friends and colleagues, including Jan Gies and Miep Gies, continued to help the Franks, according to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Pfeffer is referred to as Albert Dussel in many editions of Anne's diary because she sometimes used pseudonyms. In November 1942, Fritz Pfeffer, a dentist and friend of the Frank family, moved in. The four Franks were joined by Hermann and Auguste van Pels and their 16-year-old son, Peter. Life in hidingįor two years, eight people lived in the Secret Annex, according to Muller. A week later, the Van Pels family joined the Franks in what the families called the Secret Annex. The Frank family went into hiding the next day, a few weeks earlier than planned. On July 5, 1942, Margot received a summons to report to a concentration camp. The hiding place was at 263 Prinsengracht, an area with many small companies and warehouses. Otto set up a hiding place in the rear annex of his firm, with the help of his Jewish business partner, Hermann van Pels, and his associates Johannes Kleiman and Victor Kugler, according to the Anne Frank House. The family began making plans to go into hiding. The Franks attempted to emigrate to the United States but were denied visas, according to The Washington Post. In July 1942, Germans began sending Dutch Jews to concentration camps. Her first entry reads, "I hope I will be able to confide everything to you, as I have never been able to confide in anyone, and I hope you will be a great source of comfort and support." On June 12, 1942, Anne's 13th birthday, Otto gave her a red-and-white-checked notebook that she had previously picked out at a local shop. Anne wrote, "After May 1940, the good times were few and far between first there was the war, then the capitulation and then the arrival of the Germans, which is when the trouble started for the Jews." Anne and Margot had to transfer to a segregated Jewish school, according to Muller. Otto Frank transferred ownership of his company to Christian associates but ran it behind the scenes. They were forbidden from owning businesses. Jews had to wear the yellow Star of David and observe a strict curfew. In May 1940, the Nazis invaded Amsterdam and the Franks were put on edge again. ![]() Otto Frank founded a food ingredient wholesale company in Amsterdam. Anne attended Amsterdam's Sixth Montessori School, where she was a bright and inquisitive student with many friends of various backgrounds and faiths, according to " Anne Frank: The Biography (opens in new tab)" by Melissa Muller (Picador, 2014). The Franks enjoyed the freedom and acceptance they found in Amsterdam. ![]()
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